Práctica Basada en Evidencia en Adicciones: Conocimientos y Habilidades de Psicoterapeutas del Noroeste de México / Evidence-Based Practice in Addictions Area: Knowledge and Skills of Therapists from Northwestern Mexico

Resumen La Práctica Basada en Evidencia (PBE) es un proceso que inicia con el conocimiento de las evidencias disponibles y concluye con la selección de la mejor intervención para su implementación en escenarios clínicos lo cual impacta la efectividad de las intervenciones. Objetivo. Caracterizar el perfil de los terapeutas que laboran en 17 centros de tratamiento ambulatorio en adicciones del noroeste de México, además de sus conocimientos y habilidades en el uso de la PBE (fuentes de consulta, uso de manuales) y percepción de su autoeficacia. Método. Participaron 102 terapeutas, se contemplaron dos etapas: cuantitativa basada en la aplicación del CUTEA y cualitativa con aplicación de entrevista semi-estructurada, buscando contrastar las respuestas. Resultados. La mayoría de los participantes tuvo dificultad para describir el concepto de PBE, solo el 37.25% logró una adecuada definición sin embargo, reportaron altos niveles (95.91%) de autoeficacia para implementarla. En relación a las fuentes de consulta el 50% reportó utilizar cualquier buscador comercial en internet, mientras que el 46.08% referían usar los manuales de la institución. Al ingreso a su trabajo, no contaban con capacitación en adicciones ni en el área clínica. Discusión. Se aborda la necesidad del entrenamiento en la PBE y no solo en la implementación de tratamientos específicos.

Abstract Introduction. Evidence-Based Practice (EBP) is a process which starts with the knowledge of available evidence and concludes with the evaluation and selection of the best intervention for the implementation in clinical settings, this process impact the efficacy of the interventions. The variables which can impact on the EBP could be: personal and institutional variables and therapist skills and variables of the interventions. However, to make decisions in the clinical context, it has prevailed a position based on the risks and needs of the clients, which would justify using any treatment, regardless of its effectiveness, which makes the professional psychologist a passive subject who is dedicated only to implementing interventions that institutions request. Therefore, EBP demands that the psychologist be critical of the research and this allows the identification of the best evidence available and also must have the skills to adapt that evidence to their particular context. The objective is to characterize the profile of therapists working in 17 outpatient treatment centers in Mexico, as well as the skills related to the use of EBP (sources of consultation and use of manuals, transfer of knowledge to the population and other therapists) and perception of their self-efficacy. Method. This is a cross-sectional research in which 102 therapists participated. Two stages were considered: quantitative, based on the application of a questionnaire, and the second was qualitative, seeking to contrast the responses. Results. Most of the participants had difficulties in explaining EBP, but reported high levels of self-efficacy to implement it. At the beginning of their work, they had no training in addictions or in the clinical area. Discussion. The need for training in EBP from undergraduate studies is addressed so that future therapists will find it more natural to implement it in clinical settings, through the analysis of scientific articles and, if possible, its application.

Tratamiento ambulatorio de la diverticulitis aguda no complicada / Outpatient Treatment of Acute Uncomplicated Diverticulitis

Introducción: La diverticulitis aguda es la complicación más frecuente de la enfermedad diverticular del colon y causa de ingresos hospitalarios. Su tratamiento ha sido evaluado en los últimos años y muestra una tendencia a limitar el tratamiento quirúrgico y potenciar el de tipo conservador. Objetivo: Realizar una revisión sobre la aplicabilidad, la seguridad y la eficacia del tratamiento ambulatorio de la diverticulitis aguda no complicada en pacientes seleccionados. Métodos: Se realizó una revisión bibliográfica en fuentes de información disponibles en las bases de datos SciELO, Medline (Pubmed), así como Google académico, donde se escogieron un total de 36 referencias. Desarrollo: Históricamente los pacientes diagnosticados de diverticulitis aguda han sido internados en centros hospitalarios para estudio y tratamiento dietético, antibiótico y analgésico. En los últimos años ha crecido la tendencia en el mundo a tratar estos pacientes de forma ambulatoria una vez comprobado que no se encuentra complicada, lo que ha demostrado con nivel de evidencia, que estos logran presentar una evolución favorable sin necesidad de ingreso, con menos gastos para el sistema de salud. Conclusiones: El tratamiento ambulatorio de la diverticulitis aguda no complicada no solo es eficaz y seguro, sino también aplicable en la mayoría de los pacientes, siempre que toleren la ingesta oral y dispongan de un entorno familiar adecuado(AU)

Introduction: Acute diverticulitis is the most frequent complication of diverticular colon disease and cause of hospitalizations. Its treatment has been assessed in recent years; there is a tendency to limit surgical treatment and promote conservative treatment instead. Objective: To review the applicability, safety and efficacy of outpatient treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis in selected patients. Methods: A bibliographic review was carried out in sources of information available in the SciELO and Medline (Pubmed) databases, as well as in Google Scholar, by means of which a total of 36 references were selected. Development: Historically speaking, patients diagnosed with acute diverticulitis have been admitted to hospitals for study and dietary, antibiotic and analgesic treatment. In recent years, there has been a growing tendency worldwide to treat these patients on an outpatient basis once it has been proven that the condition is not complicated, which has shown, with level of evidence, that patients present a favorable evolution without the need for admission, with less expenses for the health system. Conclusions: Outpatient treatment of acute uncomplicated diverticulitis is not only effective and safe, but also applicable in most patients, given that they can tolerate oral intake and have an adequate family environment(AU)

Comparative analysis of the psychological and pedagogical aspect of the formation of health culture and the dynamics of the incidence in schoolchhildren

In this study, the authors perform a comparative analysis of the psychological and pedagogical aspect of the formation of health culture and the dynamics of the incidence in schoolchildren. The relevance of the study is determined by the fact that, despite the attention to the younger generation, during the educational process, the number of healthy children is decreasing and the incidence of chronic diseases is increasing. The object of the study is the health state of children between 7 and 18 years of age residing in the village of Zavodskoy. The village of Zavodskoy is an urban-type settlement, located near (2 km) the city of Vladikavkaz. The subject of the study is the regularities of the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren. The purpose of the study is to identify the conditions for protecting and improving health in the conditions of the educational process. Based on the literature review and data of the conducted statistical analysis of the dynamics of incidence of chronic diseases for the period of two years, the incidence of chronic diseases in schoolchildren residing in the village of Zavodskoy has been reviewed and systematized. Recommendations on preservation and improvement of health have been provided

Herniorrafia de Mohan P. Desarda modificada en la reparación de hernia inguinal sin prótesis / Modified Mohan P. Desarda herniorraphy in inguinal hernia repair with no prosthesis

Introducción: La afección herniaria es uno de los procesos mejor estudiados y cuyo tratamiento persigue la excelencia, aunque todavía quedan muchas controversias por resolver. Objetivo: Valorar los resultados de la aplicación de la técnica del Dr. Mohan P. Desarda modificada en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio prospectivo aleatorio de 1 010 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico de hernia inguinal desde enero del 2004 hasta diciembre del 2017. A estos pacientes se les realizó la técnica quirúrgica del Dr. Mohan P. Desarda modificada, los cuales fueron evolucionados por consulta externa y finalmente por teléfono. Resultados: La mayor incidencia ocurrió en el sexo masculino con 915 (90,6 por ciento) pacientes y la edad promedio fue de 58,3 años. La localización más frecuente fue la derecha en 497 (49,0 por ciento) pacientes. Se aplicó la anestesia local a 690 (68,3 por ciento) pacientes. Se trataron de manera ambulatoria 783 (77,4 por ciento) pacientes. En 46 (34,5 por ciento) pacientes se diagnosticaron complicaciones. La recidiva se observó en 6 pacientes (0,6 por ciento) del total. Conclusiones: Con la herniorrafia de Mohan P. Desarda modificada, se obtienen resultados satisfactorios al igual que con las técnicas protésicas, aportando ahorros económicos importantes(AU)

Introduction: Hernia is one of the best studied processes in order to achieve treatment of excellence, but there are still many pending controversies to be solved. Objective: To determine the results of the modified Mohan P. Desarda technique in the surgical service of Enrique Cabrera general teaching hospital. Method: A prospective randomized study was performed on 1010 surgical patients with the diagnosis of inguinal hernia from January 2004 to December 2017. These patients were operated on by using modified Dr Mohan P. Desarda's technique and they were followed up in the outpatient service and finally by phone. Results: The highest incidence rate was found in males, with 915 (90.6 percent) patients and the average age was 58.3 years. The most common location was on the right side of 497 (49 percent) patients. Local anesthesia was used in 690 (68.3 percent) patients and 783 (77.4 percent) were treated as outpatients. Forty six (34.5 percent) patients suffered complications. Recurrence occurred in 6 patients, which accounted for 0.6 percent of the total number. Conclusions: Modified Mohan P. Desarda herniorraphy achieves satisfactory results as well as the other prosthetic techniques, thus contributing important economic savings(AU)

Age and gender changes in children and adolescent patients of a Brazilian eating disorder program

ABSTRACT Background International studies have demonstrated an increase in the prevalence of boys and a decrease of patients’ age at the beginning of outpatient treatment for eating disorders (ED). Objective To evaluate if these changes are also present in the Brazilian population participating in the PROTAD, a Brazilian ED program, and to discuss its clinical implication for treatment. Methods Cross-sectional study. We evaluated 150 medical records of patients under 18 years diagnosed with ED (DSM IV-TR). Patients were divided into two groups: G1 (2001-2007) (n = 77) and G2 (2008-2014) (n = 73). The girl/boy proportion and the mean age of patients were compared. Results In G1, six boys (7.8%) were admitted (girl/boy proportion: 11.8:1), while in G2, 16 (22%) boys were admitted (girl/boy proportion: 3.5:1) (p < 0.05). The mean age in G1 was 15.6 years (SD = 1.7; 95%CI: 15.2-15.9), whereas the mean age in G2 was 14.9 years (SD = 1.9; 95%CI: 14.4-15.3) (p > 0.05). Discussion The increase in the number of boys treated for EDs reported in international studies was also found at the PROTAD. Contrary to what has been reported in international studies, the mean age of patients at the PROTAD did not decrease significantly. Gender and sexual orientation issues, clinical presentation, prior overweight history and culture/media impact on boys should be addressed by the healthcare team to increase the therapeutic efficacy.

A Study of Effectiveness of Outpatient Treatment Orders and Compliance with Outpatient Treatment / 정신신체의학

OBJECTIVES: Outpatient treatment orders refer to a mandatory social program in which mentally ill persons are ordered by the court to participate in specified outpatient treatment programs. This study aimed to investigate the factors that affect outpatient treatment orders and adherence to outpatient treatment in mental health patients. METHODS: A survey on outpatient treatment orders and adherence to outpatient treatment was conducted on 60 psychiatrists between October and November 2016. The questionnaire items were drafted based on a literature review, and they were then evaluated by 3 psychiatrists and 1 law school professor before being finalized. Answers from the respondents were analyzed using descriptive statistics, and the median, maximum, and minimum values of the effectiveness scores of outpatient treatment orders were calculated. RESULTS: Among the 60 psychiatrists, 45(75.0%) were aware of outpatient treatment orders; however, only 2 out of the 45(4.0%) had actually used the program in the last 12 months. The subjective effectiveness was very low, with only 40 points out of 100. Furthermore, of the readmitted patients, 37.7% had received continued outpatient treatment, whereas 53.1% chose to quit the outpatient treatment programs, meaning that the number of dropouts was higher. Among the discharged patients, approximately two-thirds were receiving continued treatment. With regard to follow-up for dropouts, majority of the responses were either “Not taking any action”(n=27) or “Not following up”(n=15). Only two respondents answered “Contact the community mental health promotion center,” meaning that this response was very rare. Meanwhile, when asked about efficient measures to be implemented for dropouts, a vast majority of the respondents(n=30) selected the answer “Work with the community mental health promotion center.” CONCLUSIONS: The outpatient treatment orders currently being administered were found to be ineffective, and the associated adherence to outpatient treatment was also found to be extremely poor. Hence, the effectiveness of the therapeutic interventions could benefit from institutional as well as administrative improvements. Community mental health promotion centers are expected to have an important role in the future.

Nuestra experiencia de diez años en la herniorrafia de Mohan P. Desarda / Ten years experience in Mohan P. Desarda herniorrhaphy

Introducción: la afección herniaria es uno de los procesos mejor estudiados y cuyo tratamiento persigue la excelencia, aunque todavía quedan muchas controversias por resolver. Objetivo: exponer los resultados de la aplicación de la técnica del doctor Mohan P. Desarda en el Servicio de Cirugía del Hospital General Docente Enrique Cabrera, entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2011. Métodos: se realizó un estudio prospectivo aleatorio de 678 pacientes intervenidos quirúrgicamente con el diagnóstico de hernia inguinal entre enero de 2002 y diciembre de 2011, a los cuales se les realizó la técnica quirúrgica del doctor Mohan P. Desarda, los cuales fueron evolucionados por consulta externa y finalmente por teléfono. Resultados: la mayor incidencia ocurrió en el sexo masculino con 625 pacientes (92,2 porciento) y la edad promedio fue de 58,3 años. La localización más frecuente fue la derecha en 330 pacientes (48,7 porciento). Se aplicó la anestesia local a 490 (72,3 porciento). Se trataron de manera ambulatoria 461 (68 porciento). En 26 de ellos (3,4 porciento) se diagnosticaron complicaciones. La recidiva se observó en 4 pacientes para el 0,5 porciento del total. Conclusiones: con la herniorrafia de Mohan P. Desarda, se obtienen resultados satisfactorios al igual que con las técnicas protésicas, aportando ahorros económicos importantes

Introduction: affection by hernia is one of the best studied processes and its treatment aims at excellence, although some controversy still persists. Objective: to present the results of the use of Mohan P. Desarda technique in the Surgery Service at Enrique Cabrera General Teaching Hospital, between January 2002 and December 2011. Methods: a random prospective study was conducted between January 2012 and December 2011 in 678 patients who had undergone surgery after the diagnosis of inguinal hernia, to whom Mohan P. Desarda surgical technique was performed, who were followed up in the outpatient consultation and, finally, by telephone. Results: the highest incidence was in the male sex, with 625 patients (92.2 percent) and the average age was 58.3 years. The most frequent localization was the right one in 330 patients (48.7 percent). Local anesthesia was applied to 490 patients (72.3 percent). 461 patients received outpatient treatment (68 percent). In 26 of them, (3.4 percent), complications were diagnosed. Relapse was observed in 4 patients, for a 0.5 percent of the total. Conclusions: satisfactory results are obtained with Mohan P. Desarda herniorrhaphy as well as with prosthetist techniques, contributing to important economic savings

El Centro de Educación de pacientes con cáncer y sus familias: la experiencia del Instituto Nacional de Cancerología / Education Center for cancer patients and their families: Colombian National Cancer Institute Experience

La práctica de la atención oncológica tiene como prioridad el control biológico de la enfermedad. La respuesta a las necesidades cognitivas y emocionales de los pacientes se satisfacen, en general, con grandes limitaciones de tiempo, en un patrón de relación vertical, de tipo paternalismo benefactor. La industria farmacéutica, ha tenido una importante participación en la educación de pacientes con cáncer; sin embargo, tiene un claro conflicto de interés. Frente a los retos que plantea la educación de los pacientes, el Instituto Nacional de Cancerología (INC) aprobó la creación de un programa de comunicación educativa. Este artículo presenta la implementación de una propuesta pedagógica basada en el reconocimiento de la subjetividad, la interacción social, la promoción de la autonomía y la vivencia de los derechos. En 10 meses se logró la participación de 1.200 pacientes; el 48% de ellos, con educación primaria. Se consiguió la satisfacción de las necesidades cognitivas y emocionales; prevenir la conspiración del silencio; la promoción de la adherencia al tratamiento; reflexiones sobre la sexualidad, la amenorrea y el riesgo de embarazo en mujeres en tratamiento; la promoción del consentimiento informado como un proceso de comunicación; y la orientación para el uso de la red de asociaciones. El centro educativo es un servicio de apoyo que promueve la expresión de procesos de introspección y acción, así como la influencia de pares para enfrentar las incertidumbres asociadas al diagnóstico y el tratamiento del cáncer. La comunicación educativa fortalece y retroalimenta los procesos que se dan en el espacio clínico.

Oncological treatment is focused primarily on the biological control of the disease. Responses to patients´ cognitive and emotional needs are, in general, satisfied under pressing time limits, paternalistic benefactor conditions and vertical relationships. The pharmaceutical industry has played an important role in cancer patient education; however, this clearly presents a conflict of interest. In order to meet the challenge of providing patient education, the National Cancer Institute (NCI) approved the creation of a communicative educational program. This article describes how a pedagogical proposal based upon the recognition of subjectivity, social interaction, autonomy, and empowerment was implemented. Over a 10-month period 1,200 patients participated; 48% of whom had only primary level education. The outcome included the satisfying of cognitive and emotional needs; overcoming the conspiracy of silence; promoting treatment adherence; deliberation about sexuality, amenorrhea and the risk of pregnancy in women undergoing treatment; informed consent as an opportunity for communication; and, orientation on how to access pertinent organizations. The education center offers support services which encourage self-awareness and empowerment, and brings together peers who are facing the uncertainties of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Communicative education reinforces and provides feedback on events that take place in a clinical setting.

Predictors of Continuity of Care after Inpatient Discharge of Patients with Schizophrenia: A Retrospective Chart Review Study in a University Hospital / 대한정신약물학회지

OBJECTIVE: This study aims to identify sociodemographic and disease-related variables associated with continuity of outpatient treatment after discharge of patient with schizophrenia in a university hospital. METHODS: The medical records of patients who discharged with the diagnosis of schizophrenia from department of psychiatry, St. Mary's Hospital in 2008, 2009, and 2010 were reviewed. Data on sociodemographic and disease-related variables were an-alyzed. RESULTS: Comparing sociodemographic variables, 6-month follow-up group showed higher rate of family history (p=0.034), and lower rate of divorce and bereavement (p=0.037) than non-follow-up group. Comparing disease-related variables, 6-month follow-up group showed higher rate of previous psychiatric outpatient treatment within 3 months before index hospitalization (p=0.013), higher scores in Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) at discharge (p=0.002), but lower rate of prescription of risperidone at discharge (p=0.007). The univariate logistic regression analysis revealed that previous psychiatric outpatient treatment within 3 months before index hospitalization, GAF scores at discharge, family history, absence of divorce and bereavement, and not being prescribed of risperidone at discharge were significantly related to an increased likelihood of 6-month follow-up visits. CONCLUSION: The previous psychiatric outpatient treatment before hospitalization, psychosocial functioning, family history, divorce, bereavement, and antipsychotics prescription at discharge appeared to have influence on continuity of outpatient treatment after discharge of patients with schizophrenia.

Satisfação com o atendimento odontológico: estudo qualitativo com mães de crianças atendidas na Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina / Satisfaction with dental care: qualitative study of the mothers of children treated at the Santa Catarina Federal University, Brazil

Esta pesquisa objetivou conhecer a percepção de mães em relação ao atendimento odontológico prestado em clínicas de odontopediatria da Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina (UFSC), bem como sua concepção sobre como seria o dentista "ideal". O método utilizado foi o qualitativo, tipo estudo de caso. A coleta de dados foi feita através de entrevista semi-estruturada e a população estudada constituiu-se de sete mães de crianças atendidas em clínicas de odontopediatria da UFSC. Observou-se que, para as mães entrevistadas, o dentista ideal deveria reunir habilidades afetivas, psicomotoras e cognitivas, tais como: gostar do que faz, ser atencioso e amigável, fornecer informações claras sobre saúde bucal, resolver os problemas bucais do paciente e manter-se atualizado. Os aspectos interpessoais foram fundamentais para a satisfação com o atendimento na universidade, além da capacidade técnica dos alunos e a facilidade para conseguir uma vaga no serviço de odontopediatria. Sugere-se maior entendimento, por parte dos profissionais, dos aspectos que envolvem a relação dentista-paciente, de maneira a associar fatores afetivos aos cognitivos e psicomotores no dia-a dia da prática odontológica.

This survey examines perceptions among mothers of the treatment provided through pediatric dentistry clinic at the Santa Catarina Federal University and their concept of the 'ideal' dentist, using the qualitative (case study) method. Collected through semi-structured interviews with seven mothers of children treated at this pediatric dentistry clinic, the data showed that these mothers felt the 'ideal' dentist should blend affective, psychomotor and cognitive abilities: enjoying his work; being attentive and friendly; providing clear information about oral health; resolving oral problems presented by patients; and keeping up-to-date. Interpersonal aspects were crucial factors for satisfaction with the treatment provided at the University, in addition to the technical skills of the students and easy appointments at the pediatric dentistry clinic. A better understanding of the relationship between dentist and patient is suggested, associating affective factors with cognitive and psychomotor aspects in dental practice routines.